新冠肺炎旅行禁令，境外首例死亡，检疫和机会性感染
Travel Ban, First Death Outside of China, Quarantine, & Opportunistic Infection
Welcome to another MedCram coronavirus update! We can see that the current deaths are 305, and for the first time, we actually have a death outside of China. We will get to that here in a little bit. The number of affected has grown to over 14,500 if you believe the numbers coming out of China. So, if we can take that consistently, you’ll see that the mortality rate is still around 2%; in the other couple of updates that we’ve done before, it was 2.2%.
欢迎参加MedCram冠状病毒讲座！我们可以看到当前的死亡人数是305，而实际上我们是第一次在中国以外的地方死亡。我们将在这里稍作介绍。如果您相信来自那里的人数，受影响的人数已增加到14500多人。因此，如果我们能够始终如一地坚持下去，您会发现死亡率仍然在2％左右；在我们之前完成的其他几次更新中，该比例为2.2％。
Interestingly, if you look just at the cases in China, and we look at where we were on the 27th, the 28th, the 29th, and 30th, and 31st of January, sometimes I can tell you about what direction things are going, and we can see here 28%, 26%, 15%. I was actually a bit excited about the fact that it looked like it might have been tapering off, but No. From the 30th to the 31st, we were right back up to 28%, and this thing keeps climbing.
有趣的是，如果您只看一下中国的情况，而我们看一下1月27日，28日，29日，30日和31日的情况，有时我可以告诉您事情的发展方向，以及我们可以在这里看到28％，26％，15％。实际上，我似乎对它可能正在逐渐缩小感到有些兴奋，但是没有。从30日到31日，我们回到了28％，而且这个数字还在不断攀升。
Some more news here at home. We now have the eighth confirmed case. This one is in Boston, and this was a traveler from Wuhan. He’s gotten attention there. He seems to be doing okay. Because of what’s going on, and, since we last talked, you may have known that this plane that landed at March Air Reserve Base, instead of getting 72 hours, they are all getting 14 days. That seems to be what’s going to be going on for just about anybody coming from the Wuhan area, at least in the United States.
家里还有更多新闻。现在，我们有了第八例确诊病例。这是在波士顿，是武汉人。他在那里引起了注意。他似乎还好。因为发生了什么事，而且，自从我们上次谈话以来，您可能已经知道这架降落在March空军后备基地的飞机没有花费72个小时，而是全部花费了14天。看来，至少在美国，任何来自武汉地区的人都会遇到这种情况。
Both the US, Japan and Australia are now becoming more restrictive in terms of basically flights almost anywhere in China being restricted, and even United States citizens now coming from China, especially the Wuhan area, are getting a mandatory 14-day quarantine to make sure that they are not going to be carrying this coronavirus into the United States. And any of those flights that come from China are being directed strictly to only three airports in the United States so they can control that. That’s Kennedy in New York, O’hare in Illinois, and San Francisco in California.
美国，日本和澳大利亚现在在限制中国几乎任何地方的航班方面正变得越来越严格，甚至现在来自中国的美国公民，尤其是武汉地区，也将获得强制性的14天检疫以确保他们不会将这种冠状病毒携带到美国。而且，这些来自中国的航班都被严格定向到美国的三个机场，以便他们可以控制。那是纽约的肯尼迪，伊利诺伊州的奥黑尔和加利福尼亚的旧金山。
Now as we mentioned before the first death outside of China was just announced a number of hours ago. This was actually a surprisingly young person, a 44-year-old, who traveled from China on the 21st of January with a 38-year-old female. All indications are that she is doing okay, but she’s being monitored.
正如我们之前提到的，几个小时前才宣布中国以外的首次死亡。这实际上是一个令人惊讶的年轻人，今年44岁，他于1月21日从中国旅行，当时有38岁的女性。所有迹象表明她一切正常，但受到监视。
In reading the news about this, it looks as though the patient who had the disease was getting better, and then all of a sudden quickly turned for the worse. Don’t know exactly what situation that was. Perhaps he was doing better on the ventilator and turned very bad very quickly. It’s unclear. But one of the things that we haven’t talked about, which is the natural history of the flu, is what the flu does.
在阅读有关此消息的消息时，似乎患有该病的患者正在好转，然后突然变得更糟。不知道到底是什么情况。也许他在呼吸机上做得更好，很快就变得非常糟糕。还不清楚但是，我们所做的事情之一就是我们没有谈论的流感的自然历史。
We kind of talked about in our video, and I highly recommend you go back and look at that video that will put a link up for here of how does the coronavirus kill? One of the things that we talked about in there is ARDS. That was the major thing, and what we can do to treat ARDS. But there is another aspect to the flu in general, or indeed any virus that attacks the lungs, and that is this: because the virus infects the cells right there in the respiratory tract, your immune system wants to get rid of those cells because they’re infected. And so what happens is there is a normal and natural immunity that is put in your respiratory cells, and that immunity, or that ability to fend off infections, is greatly compromised.
我们在视频中谈到了这种情况，我强烈建议您回去看一下该视频，该视频将在此处链接冠状病毒的杀伤力？我们在其中谈论的一件事是ARDS。那是最主要的事情，也是我们可以采取的措施来治疗ARDS。但是一般而言，流感还有另一个方面，或者实际上是任何一种攻击肺的病毒，那就是：因为该病毒感染了呼吸道中的细胞，所以您的免疫系统希望清除这些细胞，因为它们被感染了。因此，发生的事情是呼吸细胞具有正常和自然的免疫力，并且这种免疫力或抵御感染的能力大大受损。
So there is a denuding of the respiratory epithelium. So what happens is you get something called. OIs. OIs stand for opportunistic infections. And when they see an opportunity, they will move in. So it’s not a virus that’s moving in necessarily, the virus opens you up to infection.
因此，存在呼吸上皮剥夺的现象。因此，发生的事情是您得到了某种叫做OIs的东西。 OI代表机会感染。当他们看到机会时，他们就会进入。因此，并非一定要传播这种病毒，这会使您容易受到感染。
But the biggest opportunistic infection that we see most classically in viral infections is staph aureus. And staph aureus is not a virus; staph aureus is a bacteria typically lives on skin, will live in the mouth occasionally, but it’s an opportunistic infection AU, as you may know, is the periodic table of elements symbol for gold. And the reason why that is there in Latin is because the secretions of staph aureus are very golden. They are yellow.
但是，我们在病毒感染中最常见的最大机会性感染是金黄色葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌不是病毒。金黄色葡萄球菌是一种细菌，通常生活在皮肤上，偶尔会在口腔中生活，但它是一种机会性感染AU，您可能知道，它是金的元素周期表。拉丁语中存在金黄色葡萄球菌的原因是金黄色葡萄球菌的分泌物非常金黄。他们是黄色的。
Staph aureus of course in this country and other countries can be resistant to your typical oxacillin or methicillin, and that’s when you get something called MRSA. Now, of course, where did these staph aureus go? It’s when you’re in the hospital, when you’re being treated. And we’re not saying that this is what happened to this gentleman here in the Philippines. But this is a very classical thing to see with the flu is the patient will get the flu, they will feel better, and then all of a sudden this bacterial infection sometimes MRSA, which is methicillin-resistant staph aureus. So it’s the same bug; it just has a resistance pattern. It’ll move in, and it will rapidly decompensate the patient, and these patients die from staph aureus classically. But it can be other bacteria like streptococcus pneumonia, etc, etc.
当然，在这个国家和其他国家/地区，金黄色葡萄球菌可能会对您的典型奥沙西林或甲氧西林产生抗药性，那就是您得到一种叫做MRSA的东西。现在，这些金黄色葡萄球菌当然去了哪里？这是当您在医院，正在接受治疗的时候。我们并不是说这就是菲律宾这位绅士所发生的事情。但这是与流感一起看到的非常经典的事情：患者会得流感，他们会感觉更好，然后突然这种细菌感染有时会被MRSA感染，这是耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌。所以这是同样的错误；它只是有一个阻力模式。它会移动，并迅速使患者失去补偿，而这些患者通常死于金黄色葡萄球菌。但也可能是其他细菌，例如链球菌肺炎等。
So, where are we in the world of understanding this coronavirus? We’ve had it now for over a month. Where do we think it ranges in the known list of viruses? And there was an excellent pictorial representation of this, which I’ll recreate for you and show you, and that’s this graph.
那么，我们在理解这种冠状病毒的世界中在哪里？我们已经有一个多月了。我们认为它在已知病毒列表中的哪个位置？这是一个很好的图形表示，我将为您重新创建并向您展示，这就是这张图。
Let’s talk about this graph. So here on the x-axis is the infectivity. Okay, so if one person is infected, how many people will that one person infect? And we have all the way down here at 0 all the way up to 15. Measles being a very infective virus all the way down to the flu, Spanish flu or bird flu, which maybe affect one or two people.
让我们谈谈这张图。因此，在x轴上就是传染性。好吧，所以如果一个人被感染，那么这个人将传染给多少人？从零开始一直到15。从最初到现在，麻疹是一种极具传染性的病毒，依次到流感，西班牙流感或禽流感。 禽流感可能会传染一两个人。
And then on the y-axis, we have the fatality rate in a logarithmic scale. So if the fatality rate .1%, like it is with the flu, pretty low, or is it, you know 1%, or is it 10% of people, like SARS. 10% of people who became infected with the SARS virus died. What about a hundred percent?
然后在y轴上，我们的死亡率是对数刻度。因此，如果像流感这样的致命率是0.1％，相当低，或者说是0％，SARS病毒感染的人中有10％死亡。
So we’re talking about like bird flu, Ebola, smallpox. These are deadly viruses. So where does coronavirus range? Well, it seems to be both more deadly than the regular flu, and probably more contagious than the regular flu. So it’s definitely going to be northeast here on the graph of the regular flu, but it doesn’t seem to be as deadly as, for instance, smallpox, or as infective as smallpox. So it seems to be ranging in this area.
所以我们在谈论像禽流感，埃博拉病毒，天花。这些是致命的病毒。那么，冠状病毒在哪里？好吧，这似乎比常规流感更致命，并且比常规流感更具传染性。因此，在常规流感的图表上，它肯定会在东北，但是它似乎不像天花那样致命，也不像天花那样具有感染力。因此似乎在这一领域。
As we get more time and more data, this box here of variability is going to contract down to a single point, and we’ll have a better idea about where we are. But this is the best estimate at this point of scientist to where we are.
随着我们获得更多的时间和更多的数据，这里的可变性框将缩小到单个点，我们将对自己的位置有一个更好的了解。但这是目前科学家对我们所处位置的最佳估计。
Okay, so join us for the next update, and if you like what you’re seeing here, subscribe to the channel and pass these videos on, and finally visit us at MedCramChina.com. Thanks for joining us!
好的，请加入我们的下一个更新，如果您喜欢在这里看到的内容，请订阅该频道并传递这些视频，最后访问MedCramChina.com。感谢您加入我们！
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